The timeline
Ideas leave dates behind them. This timeline records the moments when an idea about gender identity was adopted, enforced, questioned or abandoned by an institution, a court or a health system, newest first. Each entry links to the primary document and to the dossier that explains why it mattered.
30 June 2026
The Dutch Health Council published its advice on youth transgender care on 30 June 2026 (Gezondheidsraad, 2026)
The Dutch Health Council published its advice on youth transgender care on 30 June 2026 (Gezondheidsraad, 2026).
International
25 June 2026
The UK Government published a draft Conversion Practices Bill for England and Wales, not an enacted law
On 25 June 2026, the UK Government published a draft Conversion Practices Bill for England and Wales, not an enacted law.
International
29 April 2026
The High Court held that the Office for Students’ 2025 decision to fine the University of Sussex £585,000 was vitiated b
On 29 April 2026, the High Court held that the Office for Students’ 2025 decision to fine the University of Sussex £585,000 was vitiated by unlawful predetermination.
International
12 February 2026
The Department for Education proposed embedding guidance on gender-questioning children in Keeping Children Safe in Educ
On 12 February 2026, the Department for Education proposed embedding guidance on gender-questioning children in Keeping Children Safe in Education.
International
1 January 2026
The 2026 proposal says schools should involve parents wherever possible and seek clinical advice where available
The 2026 proposal says schools should involve parents wherever possible and seek clinical advice where available.
International
1 October 2025
NHS England stated that research on detransition remained limited and that the United Kingdom had no defined professiona
In October 2025, NHS England stated that research on detransition remained limited and that the United Kingdom had no defined professional clinical pathway for supporting people who detransition.
International
16 April 2025
The UK Supreme Court held in For Women Scotland Ltd v Scottish Ministers that “sex”, “woman” and “man” in the Equality A
On 16 April 2025, the UK Supreme Court held in For Women Scotland Ltd v Scottish Ministers that “sex”, “woman” and “man” in the Equality Act 2010 refer to biological sex (UK Supreme Court, 2025).
International
16 April 2025
The UK Supreme Court held that “sex”, “man” and “woman” in the Equality Act 2010 refer to biological sex (For Women Scot
On 16 April 2025, the UK Supreme Court held that “sex”, “man” and “woman” in the Equality Act 2010 refer to biological sex (For Women Scotland v Scottish Ministers, 2025).
International
12 February 2025
The Court of Appeal held that Kristie Higgs’s dismissal over Facebook posts amounted to unlawful belief discrimination
On 12 February 2025, the Court of Appeal held that Kristie Higgs’s dismissal over Facebook posts amounted to unlawful belief discrimination.
International
1 January 2025
UK restrictions indefinitely limited new private prescribing of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria or incongruence in
From 1 January 2025, UK restrictions indefinitely limited new private prescribing of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria or incongruence in under-18s.
International
1 November 2024
Germany’s Self-Determination Act came into force on 1 November 2024 after declarations could first be filed from 1 Augus
Germany’s Self-Determination Act came into force on 1 November 2024 after declarations could first be filed from 1 August 2024 (SBGG, 2024).
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review published its final report on 10 April 2024 after examining England’s paediatric gender services
The Cass Review published its final report on 10 April 2024 after examining England’s paediatric gender services.
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review, published on 10 April 2024, concluded that the number of people who detransition after hormone treatmen
The Cass Review, published on 10 April 2024, concluded that the number of people who detransition after hormone treatment is unknown because long-term routine follow-up data are inadequate.
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review reported major evidence gaps in paediatric gender medicine; NHS England had already ended routine prescr
On 10 April 2024, the Cass Review reported major evidence gaps in paediatric gender medicine; NHS England had already ended routine prescribing of puberty blockers for this purpose in March 2024.
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review’s final report was published on 10 April 2024
The Cass Review’s final report was published on 10 April 2024.
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review was published in England on 10 April 2024
The Cass Review was published in England on 10 April 2024.
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review was published on 10 April 2024 after a four-year NHS-commissioned review
The Cass Review was published on 10 April 2024 after a four-year NHS-commissioned review.
International
10 April 2024
The Cass Review was published on 10 April 2024 and called for holistic assessment of gender-questioning children and you
The Cass Review was published on 10 April 2024 and called for holistic assessment of gender-questioning children and young people.
International
1 April 2024
The University of York review of masculinising and feminising hormones included 53 studies, published in April 2024
The University of York review of masculinising and feminising hormones included 53 studies, published in April 2024.
International
1 April 2024
The University of York review of puberty blockers included 50 studies, published in April 2024
The University of York review of puberty blockers included 50 studies, published in April 2024.
International
31 March 2024
The Tavistock GIDS closed on 31 March 2024 after NHS England’s managed closure programme (NHS England, 2024)
The Tavistock GIDS closed on 31 March 2024 after NHS England’s managed closure programme (NHS England, 2024).
International
12 March 2024
NHS England ended routine commissioning of puberty blockers for under-18s on 12 March 2024
NHS England ended routine commissioning of puberty blockers for under-18s on 12 March 2024.
International
12 March 2024
NHS England stopped routine prescribing of puberty-suppressing hormones for gender dysphoria in under-18s on 12 March 20
NHS England stopped routine prescribing of puberty-suppressing hormones for gender dysphoria in under-18s on 12 March 2024.
International
4 January 2024
An Employment Tribunal found that Professor Jo Phoenix had been constructively unfairly dismissed by the Open University
On 4 January 2024, an Employment Tribunal found that Professor Jo Phoenix had been constructively unfairly dismissed by the Open University.
International
1 January 2024
12 Council of Europe member states had introduced legal gender-recognition procedures based on self-determination (Counc
By 2024, 12 Council of Europe member states had introduced legal gender-recognition procedures based on self-determination (Council of Europe, 2025).
International
1 January 2024
A 2024 systematic review found five of six studies reported hormone-treatment discontinuation below 10%, while one repor
A 2024 systematic review found five of six studies reported hormone-treatment discontinuation below 10%, while one reported 30.8% discontinuation or loss to follow-up (Gupta et al., 2024).
International
1 January 2024
A 2024 University of York review found 11 studies on social transition; nine were rated low quality and two moderate qua
A 2024 University of York review found 11 studies on social transition; nine were rated low quality and two moderate quality.
International
1 January 2024
A 2024 University of York review identified 11 studies of social transition; most were low quality
A 2024 University of York review identified 11 studies of social transition; most were low quality.
International
1 January 2024
A 2024 Western Australian clinic-record study found 29 reidentification closures among 548 closed referrals, but only 2
A 2024 Western Australian clinic-record study found 29 reidentification closures among 548 closed referrals, but only 2 of 196 medically treated patients had reidentified with their birth-registered sex.
International
1 January 2024
In a January 2024 Department for Education survey, 36% of secondary-school leaders had received a pupil request relating
In a January 2024 Department for Education survey, 36% of secondary-school leaders had received a pupil request relating to social transition in the previous 12 months.
International
1 January 2024
No high-quality study with an appropriate design for assessing puberty-blocker outcomes was identified in that 2024 revi
No high-quality study with an appropriate design for assessing puberty-blocker outcomes was identified in that 2024 review.
International
1 January 2024
Only one of the 53 hormone studies was rated high quality by the 2024 review
Only one of the 53 hormone studies was rated high quality by the 2024 review.
International
28 August 2023
Missouri’s SAFE Act took effect on 28 August 2023 and restricted new medical gender-transition treatment for minors (Mis
Missouri’s SAFE Act took effect on 28 August 2023 and restricted new medical gender-transition treatment for minors (Missouri SB 49, 2023).
International
21 April 2023
Washington University’s internal inquiry reported Reed’s core allegations unsubstantiated on 21 April 2023 (Washington U
Washington University’s internal inquiry reported Reed’s core allegations unsubstantiated on 21 April 2023 (Washington University inquiry, 2023).
International
3 April 2023
Finland’s Act on Legal Recognition of Gender entered into force on 3 April 2023 and removed the previous medical and inf
Finland’s Act on Legal Recognition of Gender entered into force on 3 April 2023 and removed the previous medical and infertility requirements (Act 295/2023).
International
31 March 2023
World Athletics excluded transgender women who have experienced male puberty from its female World Rankings category fro
World Athletics excluded transgender women who have experienced male puberty from its female World Rankings category from 31 March 2023 (World Athletics, 2023).
International
7 February 2023
Former St Louis case manager Jamie Reed signed a sworn 86-paragraph affidavit on 7 February 2023 (Reed Affidavit, 2023)
Former St Louis case manager Jamie Reed signed a sworn 86-paragraph affidavit on 7 February 2023 (Reed Affidavit, 2023).
International
1 January 2023
Adult males typically outperform adult females by 10–30% in sports relying on strength, speed, power and endurance (Amer
Adult males typically outperform adult females by 10–30% in sports relying on strength, speed, power and endurance (American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement, 2023).
International
1 January 2023
Spain’s Law 4/2023 permits an adult to rectify the registered sex entry through a two-stage declaration process without
Spain’s Law 4/2023 permits an adult to rectify the registered sex entry through a two-stage declaration process without a medical report.
International
22 December 2022
The Scottish Gender Recognition Reform Bill was passed on 22 December 2022 but was blocked from Royal Assent by a UK Gov
The Scottish Gender Recognition Reform Bill was passed on 22 December 2022 but was blocked from Royal Assent by a UK Government order on 17 January 2023.
International